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Washing machine

A clothes machine for washing clothes, or simply machine for washing clothes, is a Washing machine designed to wash laundry, such as clothing, towels and sheets.

The term is mostly applied only to machines that use water as the primary cleaning solution, as opposed to dry cleaning (which uses alternative cleaning fluids, and is performed by specialist businesses) or even ultrasonic cleaners.

The whole washing machines machines job by using mechanical power, thermal electrical, and chemical action. Mechanical energy is imparted to the clothes load by the rotation of the agitator in top loaders, or by the tumbling action of the drum in front loaders. Thermal energy is supplied by the heat of the wash bath. The spin speed in these machines can vary from 500History

For particularly dirty clothing covered with mud or dirt, it was necessary to constantly rub and flex the cloth to break apart solids and help the soap penetrate through thick, dry, or sticky layers of soil on the cloth. At first this was done by pounding or rubbing the clothing with rocks in a river, and later developed into the corrugated wash board. In Roman times a fuller would whiten clothing by stomping on it in a bucket full of fermented urine.

Costume Washers technology was developed as a way to make easier the drudgery of this scrubbing and rubbing procedure, by providing an open basin or sealed container with paddles or fingers to automatically agitate the clothing. The earliest machines were often hand-operated but were built with the belief that the machine itself was faster and easier to work than washing the clothing by hand straightforwardly. As electricity was not regularly available until at least 1930, these early machines were often operated by a cheap-speed single-cylinder hit and miss gasoline engine.

Because water usually had to be heated on a fire for washing, the gentle soapy water was precious and would be reused over and over, first to wash the least soiled clothing, then to wash progressively dirtier clothing. The load of soaking wet clothing would be removed, and another load of dirty costume added to the machine. While the earliest machines were constructed completely from wood, later machines made of metal permitted a fire to burn below the washtub, to keep the water gentle throughout the day’s washing.

Removal of soap and water from the clothing after washing was originally a separate method. The soaking wet clothing would be formed into a roll and twisted by hand to extract water. To help ease this labour, the wringer/mangle was developed, which uses two rollers under spring tension to squeeze water out of the clothing. Each piece of clothing would be fed through the wringer separately. The first wringers were hand-operated, but were eventually included as a powered attachment above the washer tub. The wringer would be swung over the wash tub so that extracted wash water would fall back into the tub to be reused for the next wash load.

The modern process of water removal by spinning did not come into use until electric motors were developed. Spinning requires a constant high-speed power source, and was originally done in a separate device known as an extractor. A load of washed clothing would be transferred from the wash tub to the extractor basket, and the water spun out[1]. These early extractors were often dangerous to use since unevenly distributed loads would cause the machine to shake violently. Numerous efforts have been made to counteract the shaking of unstable loads, first by mounting the spinning basket on a free-floating shock-absorbing frame to absorb minor imbalances, and a bump switch to detect severe movement and stop the machine so that the load can be manually redistributed. Various modern machines are equipped with a sealed ring of liquid that works to counteract any imbalances.

What is at this moment referred to as an automatic washing machines was at one time referred to as a washing machines/extractor, which combines the facial appearance of these two devices into a single machine, plus also includes the ability to fill and drain water by itself. It is possible to obtain this a step further, to also merge the automatic washing machine and dress dryer into a single device, but this is mainly uncommon because the drying method tends to use much more energy than using two separate devices; a combined washing machines/dryer not only necessary dry the clothing, but also have to to dry out the wash chamber itself.

In 2009, L’Osservatore Romano, the semi-official newspaper of the Holy See, pronounced the washing machine an vital milestone in the liberation of women, as it freed them from the drudgery of household chores.
to 1600 rpm (or higher).

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