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In terms of its energy characteristics algae is much greater than other sources.
200 thousand hectares of ponds can produce fuel sufficient for the annual consumption of 5% of U.S. automobiles. 200 thousand hectares – is less than 0.1% of U.S. land suitable for cultivation of algae.
However, algae that contain larger amounts of oil grow more slowly. For example, algae, containing 80% of oil grow every 10 days, whereas, algae, containing 30% grow 3 times a day.
Production of algae is also attractive by the fact that during the biosynthesis carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere.
However, the main technological difficulty lies in the fact that algae are sensitive to changes in temperature, which therefore must be maintained at a certain level (sharp daily fluctuations are not allowed).
Lack of effective tools for collecting algae in large quantities also prevents the commercial application of algae as a fuel today. It is also necessary to determine the most effective oil types for collecting.
Technology of algae growing
U.S. Department of Energy has studied the algae with high oil content within the program named “Aquatic Species Program”. The researchers concluded that California, Hawaii and New Mexico are suitable for industrial production of algae in open ponds. Algae were growing in ponds with total area of 1000 m2 during 6 years. Pond in New Mexico has shown high efficiency in the capture of CO2. The yield was more than 50 grams of algae from 1 m2 per day.
There is the technology of cultivation algae in small bioreactors located near power plants in addition to algae growing in open ponds. Waste heat of heat power plant is able to cover 77% of heat demand, which is needed for the cultivation of algae. This technology does not require a hot desert climate.
Bio King Company started serial production of patented bioreactors for cultivation of algae, suitable for immediate use, which include fast-growing algae with high oil content.
Spanish scientists found a type of algae that are able to reproduce much faster than other biological counterparts under the certain lighting conditions. Taking into consideration the fact that each cubic meter of water contains up to 300 specimens of algae in the open sea, it is amazing that the researchers have reached the number of 200 million specimens from the same cubic meter of water.
Microalgae grow in a plastic cylinder with 70 cm diameter and 3 m length. The algae reproduce by dividing. They are being divided every 12 hours, and the water in the cylinder transforms into a green compact mass gradually. The contents of the cylinder is subjected to centrifuging once a day. The balance is approximately one hundred percent of biofuel. Saturated with fat part of this mass is converted into biodiesel, and carbohydrates into ethanol.
Such companies as Shell and HR Biopetroleum intend to build pilot plant on the Hawaiian Islands to obtain oil from microalgae and to process it into biofuels further.
So, microalgae could be a real alternative to the classic types of fuel in future.

Be smart and use the help of solar power grants to convert your life to better ecological balance with nature. Read about solar power grants, how to use them and where you can find these solar power grants.

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Because of positive features of solar photovoltaic arrays, it will be possible to reduce emissions into the environment on 353 million tons by 2025. This figure is equivalent to the volume of emissions in Australia and New Zealand, or to 150 coal-fired power plants.
The share of solar energy in the total balance will be even greater till 2040. If we assume that global energy consumption increases from 23.228 billion kWh in 2025 to 36,500 billion kWh by this time, the solar energy will make 16% of global electricity production.
It should be borne in mind that solar energy has several problems that will make a significant obstacle on the way of its development.
First, solar energy is not suitable for all regions of the world. The flow of solar energy on the Earth’s surface is strongly dependent on latitude and climate. The average number of sunny days can vary greatly in different places annually.
Solar power does not work at night and not work effectively in the morning and evening twilight. The power consumption peak falls on the evening. In addition, power plants can fluctuate sharply and unexpectedly due to changing weather.
Solar cells have a number of technical shortcomings such as:
• high cost;
• lack of efficiency;
• the surface of cells must be cleared of the dust and other contaminants (it may be difficult when their area is several square kilometers);
• efficiency of photovoltaic cells significantly decreases when they are heated, so there is a need to install cooling systems, usually water cooling systems;
• after 30 years of operation have passed, the efficiency of photovoltaic cells begins to decline.
Despite the ecological purity of received energy, photovoltaic cells themselves contain toxic substances. The massive use of them in the near future, will put the question of their utilization, which also has not acceptable from an environmental point of view solutions yet.
In general, we can say that the market of solar energy is commercially prospected. This is due to the fact that oil and gas reserves will be close to depletion and solar electricity to offset any reduction in output by mid-century. An increase in carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere should lead to accelerated development of environmentally friendly solar photovoltaic to reduce pollution and global warming.
The role of solar energy in the energy of the future is determined by the possibility of developing and using of new physical principles, technologies, materials and designs to create a competitive solar power stations.
The following conditions should be met to ensure the competitiveness of solar energy:
• efficiency of solar power should be at least 20%;
• annual number of hours of the solar energy power use should be equal to 8 760 hours, that is to say, it should generate electricity 24 hours a day 12 months annually;
• lifetime of solar power should be at least 50 years;
• cost per agreed kilowatt peak power of solar power should not exceed 1000 dollars;
• production of a semiconductor material must not exceed 1 million tons per year at a price no more than $ 12 / kt;
• Materials and technologies for production of solar cells and modules should be clean and safe.

Luckily we live in the times when the ruling elites start to understand the value of living in harmony with the nature on this planet. And solar power grants is a real case proof of it. If you want to switch to solar energy, please find out more about how solar power grants and how exactly you can exploit these solar power grants for your living.

P.S. Quality knowledge quickly enhances the quality of our life.

Due to this if you are properly armed with the information in your topic you can be sure that you will in any case find the solution to any bad situation. So, please make sure to get back to this site on a regular basis or – the easiest way to take care of it – sign up to its RSS feed. In such an easy way you will have your hand on the pulse of the freshest info updates here. Blogs can be helpful, you just need to know how to use it.

At present, Japan has to import 80% of the energy it needs, including 100% of oil. And it is despite the fact that the oil is used for 51.8% of the total energy developed in the country. 17,9% of the energy is produced with coal, 13.1% with natural gas, 12,4% with nuclear power, 3,4% with hydropower, 1.1% with the other energy sources (solar, wind and biomass).

Despite the wealth of the country’s with hot springs, the share of geothermal energy is only 0,2% of the total evolved energy. There are 16 geothermal power plants in Japan, the total production capacity of them reaches 530 MW.

Small experimental geothermal power plants were built in the field of volcanic activity in Japan in 1925-1926. The idea of their construction was based on the fact that volcanoes were characterized by strong heat, the selection of which could be observed during their eruptions. However, these experiments were unsuccessful.
The first commercial geothermal power plant was put into operation in this country in 1966 in Matsukave. This station of 23 MW appeared after try of spa organizing in the neighbourhood in 1953. It turned out that steam was found at depths of 160-300 m in most of drilled wells. The hot steam is being produced from the five existing wells at a pressure of 4.4 bar and under the temperature of 153-1900 o C.
I would like to point out that Japan is moving away from geothermal energy. It is connected with the fact that the station are located in the area of natural reserves there. Together with the steam hydrogen sulfide is emitted into the atmosphere. It has an unpleasant odor and is harmful to environment of the reserve. The authorities have imposed restrictions on the emission of volcanic origin hydrogen sulfide into the atmosphere. Violators are forced to pay huge fines or completely refuse from stations.

Broad construction of new environmentally friendly geothermal plants is constrained by their high cost.

At the same time many examples of unusual use of thermal waters can be found in Japan.

The snow is being melted on the road with geothermal energy. There are several ways to do this. For example, steam is being passed through pipes laid under the road in Kusatsu-machi. And special liquid heated deep in the Earth is being poured onto the roads in Hanamaki.

Cakes named as Manzo are often made and sold on resorts with thermal waters. Now most of them are made in factories, but in the old days they were prepared on steam, which rose above the basin with hot water.

Thermal springs are used for heating greenhouses with various fruits and vegetables. At Atagava spas such tropical plants as bananas and Bougainville grow. There is also elephant turtles and crocodiles breeding.
Therefore, Japan focuses on the development of solar power, wind and other renewable energies now.

So, we can see that Japan always uses all opportunities to develop as it has been happening during last many decades. Its example as the country, which always works for innovations and has got enough patience to feel the feed back can show other countries better ways of moving to.

Be smart and use the help of solar power grants to convert your life to better ecological balance with nature. Read about solar power grants, how to use them and where you can find these solar power grants.

P.S. Quality knowledge quickly enhances the quality of our life.

That is why if you are properly armed with the information in your topic you can be sure that you will in any case find the way out from any bad situation. So, please make sure to track this site on a regular basis or – the easiest way to take care of it – sign up to its RSS feed. Thus you will have a direct shortcut to the latest info updates here. Blogging can be helpful, you just need to understand how to use it.

India’s population now is more than 1.1 billion people, GDP growth is close to 9% per year. It is expected that energy demand of the country will reach 1 / 3 of the total world` by 2050. According to the report of the Integrated Energy Policy, to ensure economic growth of 8-10% till 2030, India will need to increase energy supply by 5-7 times.

Already now, India is the sixth largest energy consuming nation in the world. Alternative sources of energy currently account approximately not more than 5% of its generating capacity. India is heavily dependent on imported oil: more than 30% of its energy needs is covered at its expense. 70% of it is imported.

Therefore, energy independence is one of the most important priorities for India. Government had set targets for energy security for next decade and energy independence for next two decades.

India is planning to emphasize its development on alternative energy. The country plans to increase power generation capacity from 130 to 400 GW by 2030.
There is a lack of energy which is planned to be completed by:
• hydropower potential – up to 80 GW;
• solar energy – 55 GW;
• wind energy – 64 GW;
• Nuclear – 50 GW;
• And biomass.

In 2007, India added 2GW of capacity from renewable sources, mostly taken from wind.

Today, less than 10 giga watts of energy are being produced with the help of alternative energy.

India has got an important place in the market of wind energy: both in terms of installed capacity (4th place in the world), and in terms of capacity growth.

Solar energy has got small place in the country, due to the high cost of the technology. However, India produces photovoltaic cells now, with a capacity of about 65 MW and the state will continue to develop this area.
India has also developed the production of ethanol (4th largest producer in the world). Biodiesel industry is still in its infancy. Government is trying to encourage farmers to plant crops for their production, however, this measure does not bring tangible results.
Hydroelectric power in the country makes 33.9 GW. Only about 5% (1.7 GW) of it comes from small stations. India expects to increase its hydroelectricity to 50 GW by 2020.
According to experts, its hydropower potential is 150 GW. Only 23% of is involved nowadays.
India also has significant potential for geothermal energy. The geological survey has identified 350 hot springs in the north-western and western parts of India. It is estimated that the geothermal potential of the state is approximately 10 GW, however, it is practically not developed.

Investments into renewable energy sources come primarily from domestic market: from domestic banks, private investors and the state.
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is the most active investor in India now. Recently its capital was raised to $ 226 million, which will allow it to invest larger sums in projects.

About half of venture capital investments ($ 100 million) were sent to increase capacities of wind installations in 2006.
Regarding investment, it the annual increase in its volume should be noted. There is no doubt that the development of alternative energy in India will go ahead rapidly.

Luckily we live in the times when the ruling elites start to realize the value of living in harmony with the nature on this planet. And solar power grants is a realistic proof of it. If you want to switch to solar energy, please find out more about how solar power grants and how exactly you can exploit these solar power grants for your living.

P.S. Quality information quickly enhances the quality of our life.

Due to this if you are properly armed with the information in your topic you can rest assured that you will always find the solution to any bad situation. So, please make sure to visit this site on a regular basis or – the easiest way to take care of it – sign up to its RSS. Thus you will have your hand on the pulse of the freshest info updates here. Blogging can be helpful, you just need to understand how to use it.

About 44% of the total energy produced in Brazil comes from renewable sources.

Brazil was the world sugar cane’s ethanol production leader during long time. After the ethanol boom in the world in 2006, Brazil was also the largest exporter of it. Brazil produces around 17 billion liters of ethanol every year and exports about 2.0 billion liters of ethanol. The share of renewable fuels makes approximately 20% of everything that is in use of transportation in Brazil.

In the 70s of the 20th century, in the midst of the First Middle East oil crisis, the Brazilian government launched a program of the use of alcohol for fuel purposes (National Fuel Alcohol Program). In general, it turned out relatively easy to implement this program because Brazil is still the world’s largest producer of sugar from sugar cane. Nevertheless, the federal government helps private businesses to work within this program, including method of various tax incentives and preferences. Mandatory content of ethanol in gasoline at the level of 20% – 25% is one of other methods, which producers of ethanol in Brazil are supported by. Given the fact that Brazil sold more than 600 thousand new cars within the calendar year 2005, there is a really huge market for bio-ethanol production.
Bio-ethanol is made of sugar cane in Brazil. It is an ideal raw material for hydrocarbon (alcohol) producing through the fermentation. One ton of sugar cane contains 145 kg of dry hydrocarbon (bagasse) and 138 kg of sucrose (that is to say sugar). All the cane is fully used in the production of ethanol from sugar cane, that allows you to produce 72 liters of ethanol from one ton of cane.
Currently, all car companies are obliged to produce Brazil’s cars with ethanol based engines in a ratio of 70 to 30, that is to say 7 out of ten new cars must be designed for armored mixture. Over 75% of Brazilian cars are hybrid, that is to say can be run at any concentration of ethanol and gasoline in the mixture. The incentive for consumers from using ethanol is its cheap price, which is provided by state subsidies.

The possibility of substantial expansion of exports of Brazilian bio-ethanol to Canada is being considered to be implemented in the near future. The import tax is only 4.92 Canadian cents per liter in Canada.

Brazil introduced its new diesel program for production and use of biodiesel in Brazil on October 30, 2002. The program is designed for the use of clean and doped with vegetable oils, particularly soy. Also, the Brazilian government passed a law that requires the use of biodiesel in the proportion of 2% until the end of 2007 (about 800 million liters per year) and in the proportions of 20% by 2020 (12 billion liters per year).

There has been no venture capital investment indicated in alternative energy in 2006. This is because of a series of financial crises in the country over the past 25 years that have undermined investor confidence.

However, it is expected that wind energy together with other alternative sources will not take a significant place in the Brazilian market, despite the recent decision to withdraw 60% of import tariff on plants for its receipt.

Be smart and use the aid of solar power grants to convert your life to better ecological balance with nature. Read about solar power grants, how to make proper use of them and where you can apply for these solar power grants.

P.S. Quality info quickly enhances the quality of our life.

Due to this if you are properly armed with the info in your sphere of interest you can be sure that you will always find the way out from any bad situation. So, please make sure to visit this blog on a regular basis or – an ideal solution for you – sign up to its RSS. In such an easy way you will have a direct shortcut to the freshest informational updates here. Blogging can be helpful, you just need to know how to use it.

The energy of the sun is a strong, not environmentally dangerous and not expensive energy source. It may be the best solution for those who wish their electricity bills were much smaller. People are even able to make the solar power system with their hands in order to cover all their electric needs at their households. But it is clear, that there are also some points that you have to think about.
Taking into consideration the rising costs for energy and fuel, we would do rather wise if find alternatives, which can help us become energetically independent. Using your “hand made” solar power system, you are also making a great contribution to a cleaner environment because it does not have emissions and does not pollute the air. In addition, it is renewable and inexhaustible type of energy sources. That is why you may be sure you will not have the power outages.
Having set up your own solar power system, you are able to enjoy your free source of electricity during many years and contribute to a better environment for the next generations as well. While making your own solar power system, you had better think about some points and take them into consideration.
The first thing is price you will need to pay. The major point you have to consider while doing your own solar panel system is the price of putting up one. Opting for a built solar panel, you will see that they are not cheap. It is clear that you should take into consideration that the benefits you will get from this will last during many years. In any way, in spite of using of rather expensive pre-built solar panels, you are able actually to build one for yourself.
The Internet is a rather good variant if you are looking for cheap solar cells for your home solar project. I think the most economic way to make it is to get solar cells and than build your own solar energy panels from them. Although we can buy the devices we are speaking about from numerous companies, pre-built ones could be too expensive. When you are building it on your own, you can considerably reduce the cost of it by even up to fifty percent.
The second thing you must think about is the material you need. In addition to the solar cells, you will also need other small details in order to complete your project. Independently on it, if you already have them in your tool bar, that is to say, for instance, the soldering iron, than you do not need to obtain one. Another detail, which you will probably need, is wire, glass or clear plastic surface, different kinds of wires, and converter, which converts the direct current generated by the panels into the alternating current, in case you will need to use solar energy for your appliances.
Third thing is space where you are going to install the system in. This will not be a great problem because you can easily place your panels onto the roof. But you may also install it in your backyard. May be it is better to consider this point before solar power system creation begins.
The fourth thing: you have to get known how much electricity you can generate from your solar power system. It should also be another point you should consider. It is possible to find any detailed guide you wish in the Internet, which will be related to data of how much energy can be generated by your system. In this case, you should also determine weather you are generating more electricity than the amount you need and accordingly, you may also sell more of the power your system will generate.

Luckily we live in the times when the government start to understand the value of living in harmony with the nature on this planet. And solar power grants is a real case proof of it. If you want to switch to solar energy, please read more about how solar power grants and how exactly you can use these solar power grants for your living.

P.S. Quality knowledge quickly enhances the quality of our life.

That is why if you are properly armed with the information in your topic you can rest assured that you will in any case find the way out from any bad situation. So, please make sure to track this blog on a regular basis or – the easiest way to take care of it – sign up to its RSS. In such an easy way you will have your hand on the pulse of the freshest informational updates here. Blogging can be helpful, you just need to know how to use it.

It is generally known that one of the major factors in the civilization development is the energy sources use. We basically use traditional energy resources, such as – oil or coal and natural gas. This causes great environmental pollution of our common home called Earth. Hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil are being merged into the ocean, millions of tons of carbon dioxide are being emitted into the atmosphere, four hundred nuclear power plants produce tens of tons of radioactive waste.
Moreover, it is not only about pollution. The stocks of these traditional sources are not infinite. Therefore, they are referred to non-renewable energy sources.
Solar energy is widely used for water heating and for electricity production. The solar collectors are made from available materials such as steel, copper, aluminum etc. They are being processed without the use of scarce and expensive silicon. This reduces the cost of equipment and energy produced by it significantly. At present time, in particular, solar water heating is the most effective way of solar energy converting.
In 2001, the cost of electricity produced in solar collectors was $ 0.1 – $ 0.11 per kW • h. U.S. Department of Energy predicts that the cost of electricity produced by solar concentrators will drop to $ 0.38 – $ 0.46 within 2015-2020.
In 2007, Algeria began the construction of hybrid plants. In the daytime electricity is being taken from the parabolic concentrators and from natural gas at night.
Solar collectors can be used in cooking. The temperature in the collector focus may reach 140-150 ° C. These dishes can be widely applied in developing countries. The price of materials used for “solar kitchen” manufacture is about $ 4 – $ 6. Wood is also widely used for cooking in developing countries.
Traditional pockets for cooking have thermal efficiency of about 10%. The use of firewood for cooking leads to massive deforestation. For instance, more than 65 million tons of CO2 gets to the atmosphere from the burning of biomass in India annually. In Uganda, the average monthly household consumes 450 kg of firewood.
While cooking, housewives inhale large amounts of smoke that leads to an increase in the incidence of respiratory tract. According to the World Health Organization in 19 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Pakistan and Afghanistan 800 thousand children and 500 thousand women died from respiratory disease in 2006.
There are various international programs for solar kitchens` distributing. For instance, Finland and China signed an agreement on delivering of almost 20 000 solar kitchens in 31 villages in China in 2008. This will reduce CO2 emissions by 1.8 million tons in 2008-2012. In the future, Finland will be able to sell quotas for these emissions.
One of Swiss companies has developed a technology for producing hydrogen from water using parabolic solar concentrators. Square of mirror installation is approximately 94 m2. Focus concentrator’s temperature reaches 2100 ° C. Water begins to split into hydrogen and oxygen at temperatures over 1700 ° C. During daylight hours (about 6.5 hours that is to say 6.5 kW • h/m².) more than 94.9 litres of water can split into hydrogen and oxygen on the plant. Hydrogen production will be 3700 kg. annually (about 10 kg. per day).

Be smart and use the help of solar power grants to convert your life to better ecological balance with nature. Read about solar power grants, how to make proper use of them and where you can get these solar power grants.

P.S. Good knowledge makes life easier.

Due to this if you are properly armed with the knowledge in your topic you can rest assured that you will in any case find the solution to any bad situation. So, please make sure to get back to this web site on a regular basis or – the least time consuming way of doing it – sign up to its RSS feed. In such an easy way you will have your hand on the pulse of the freshest info updates here. Blogging can be helpful, you just need to understand how to use it.

The total amount of solar energy, which comes on the surface of our planet during a week, is larger than the energy of all oil, gas, coal and uranium resources in the world.

Nowadays, converting of solar energy into electricity is conducted with the help of photovoltaic cells – so called, solar cells. Material for them is one of the most common elements in the Earth’s crust. It is silicon, and free sunlight is fuel for them. As the stationary sources of electricity, photovoltaic stations are attractive for areas not provided with the electricity from centralized power grid. The installation of solar modules is advantageous in places where energy consumption is insignificant and electric power grid use is too expensive. Of course, sceptics may say that solar energy due to its cyclical nature (day and night) and, in particular, seasonality in many areas, is quite exotic. And this is true to some extent. In this case, use of combined wind – solar energy systems relieves.

The maximum wind speed is observed in the autumn-winter period, when the amount of solar energy decreases. And the lack of wind in the summer is being offset by solar energy. Nowadays, the world manufacture of solar cells exceeds 500 MW annually. Despite the fact that the use of solar energy on an industrial scale still causes many problems, in the everyday life of many millions of people Solar logged firmly and forever.

Photovoltaic stations (PVS) are ideal for travel options in mobile use. Having PVS, you can become energy independent and enjoy the comfort wherever there is sunlight. It is almost friendly and harmless to the environment, without harmful waste or emissions.
A place equipped with solar cells is free from noise and smell of diesel engines, which we usually have to consider if want to have electricity. Photovoltaic stations can be used to power relay radio communications. Photovoltaic modules can provide cathodic protection of steel structures, to ensure the work of water navigation marks, water-lifting equipment, home radios, as well as implement a charge of batteries for any other purposes. As an interesting use we can see an example of electric hedge intended for grazing. The source of energy for the generator of pulsed voltage electric hedge is solar module with capacity of 3 watts, the size of which is 200 * 240 mm. Its power is enough for the regular work of the fence that encloses an area of 4 hectares, as well as battery charging for the fence at night. Solar power can be used not only to solve local problems, but also the global energy problems.
For example, there are several experimental PVS in the U.S with the capacity from 0,3 MW to 6,5 MW, operating the grid. Sacramento can be regarded as the centre for Development of solar energy in the United States. Photovoltaic panels are installed on rooftops, zoos, cars parking and even churches there. City government has promised to transform its region into “Silicon Valley of solar energy”. A government program that provides tax incentives to producers of solar panels mounted on rooftops operates in Europe, in particular, in Germany. So all mankind, not just summer residents and owners of pocket calculators, are on the verge of an important event of the energy base changing. Era sun energy comes!

Luckily we live in the times when the ruling elites start to understand the value of living in harmony with the nature on this planet. And solar power grants is a realistic proof of it. If you want to switch to solar energy, please read more about how solar power grants and how exactly you can exploit these solar power grants for your living.

P.S. Quality info quickly enhances the quality of our life.

That is why if you are properly armed with the knowledge in your topic you can be sure that you will in any case find the way out from any bad situation. So, please make sure to get back to this site on a regular basis or – an ideal solution for you – sign up to its RSS. Thus you will have your hand on the pulse of the freshest info updates here. Blogs can be helpful, you just need to understand how to use it.

The use of large areas of land for power plants with photocells of the first and second generation is needed because of the theoretical limitations in the spectrum transformation into the useful energy (about 30%). For example, it could take several tens of square kilometres for 1 GW power plant. For comparison, hydropower, with the same capacity, takes out from the use significantly larger tracts of land. But the construction of such power solar plants may change the microclimate in the surrounding area, so that photovoltaic power stations of 1-2 MW are usually being installed close to consumers or even as the individual and mobile units. Photoelectric elements of large solar power plants are being installed at a height of 1,8-2,5 m that allows the use of land under the power plants for agricultural purposes such as grazing. The problem of large areas of land finding for solar power could be solved in the case of the solar balloon stations, suitable for both terrestrial and marine, and for high-rise basing.

The flow of solar energy falling on a set at the optimum angle photocell depends on latitude, season and climate and can vary by two times for populated part of land (up to three if sub-Saharan Africa is taken into consideration). Atmospheric phenomena such as clouds, fog, dust etc. not only alter the spectrum and intensity of the solar radiation incident upon the surface of the Earth, but also alter the balance between direct and scattered radiation, which exerts considerable influence on some types of solar power. For example, it may affect concentrators or elements of a wide range conversion.

When solar cells are manufactured, the level of pollution does not exceed the permissible level for enterprises of microelectronic industry. Modern photovoltaic cells have a service life up to 30-50 years. In the process of some types of solar cells manufacturing the use of cadmium bound in compounds aimed to improve the efficiency of transformation, makes a complex issue of recovery. This also has not the acceptable decision from an environmental point of view yet. Although such elements have a slight spread and there a worthy replacement has been found for cadmium compounds in the modern manufacturing.

Recently the production of thin-film solar cells has been developing actively. Solar cells of such type of include only about 1% of silicon in its containing, with as regards to the mass of the substrate on which thin films are applied. Due to the small amount of materials on the absorbing layer, that is to say silicon, thin-film silicon photovoltaic cells cheaper in its production, but still have lower efficiency and fatal degradation characteristics over time. In addition, the production of thin-film photovoltaic cells on the other semiconductor materials is growing, in particular the CIS and CIGS that are worthy competitors to silicon. For example, «Shell» Company decided to concentrate on the production of thin-film elements and sold its business for the production of single-crystal silicon photovoltaic cells in 2005.

Be smart and use the aid of solar power grants to convert your life to enhanced ecological balance with nature. Read about solar power grants, how to make proper use of them and where you can get these solar power grants.

P.S. Good information quickly enhances the quality of our life.

Due to this if you are properly armed with the info in your topic you can be sure that you will always find the solution to any bad situation. So, please make sure to visit this site on a regular basis or – the least time consuming way of doing it – sign up to its RSS. Thus you will have your hand on the pulse of the latest info updates here. Blogging can be helpful, you just need to know how to use it.

Engineers from German have built house with a neutral energy balance. A pilot house is able to provide itself with energy autonomously.
In case the ESTTP (European Solar Thermal Technology Platform) unification plan is implemented, buildings with neutral energy balance should become building codes till 2030. ESTTP has adopted special program called the European solar thermal technology development program in summer 2005. And the term “neutral energy balance” implies that a building is completely independent on external power supply and covers its needs independently, solely by its own design.
German company Schuco, with headquarters located in Bielefeld, having not waiting for 2030, has developed the concept of the house and tests it now.
House with good insulation and low power consumption has been taken for a basis of the design that meets all current applicable requirements for new buildings. According to today’s standards of energy efficiency, such building must expend fuel oil at a cost of no more than 8 litres per square meter of living space annually. To get a zero rate, engineers of Schuco bet on a combination of three renewable energy technologies.

The task of the project is simple: to demonstrate in practice that we can turn the most ordinary house into a building with a neutral energy balance just by using a standard and mass-produced equipment,. That is to say, the owner of such dwelling will make a significant contribution to the climate protection and save money at the same time, since the outcome, he would not have to pay either for gas or for the light at the end of the year.

It is not difficult o achieve a zero balance in the spring, summer and fall. The solar collector area of 10 square meters on the roof of a separately standing single-family home fully delivers all the needs of residents in the heat and electricity from April to October. The situation is worse in winter. Even the best heat pump is no longer able to extract heating energy from the environment needed for the home when the air temperature is below 5 degrees Celsius. Therefore, engineers of Schuco pump warm water from solar collectors on the roof into earthen contour.

This greatly facilitates the work of the heat pump, but still it does not solve a problem of winter heat entirely: in the middle latitudes in the winter the amount of sun’s heat is not enough. Therefore, in the cold months in the house with a neutral energy balance power generated by semiconductor photovoltaic cells comes to help the heat pump. Their area should be 20-25 square meters. It is clear that in the summer, these converters provide more electricity than in winter. But the terms they produce for the year exactly as much energy as needed.

Field testing of three experimental houses have been lasting during two years and have shown that the concept is very viable. One particular house, equipped with a complete program, which includes heat pump, solar collectors and photovoltaic cells, even gave so to speak, a “plus”. Due to increased area of photovoltaic cells the house got more power than it was necessary for the maintenance of the heat pump at the end of a year.

Luckily we live in the times when the ruling elites start to understand the value of living in harmony with the nature on this planet. And solar power grants is a real case proof of it. If you want to switch to solar energy, please read more about how solar power grants and how exactly you can use these solar power grants for your living.

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